Typewriting machine



June 6, 1944. c. D. LAKE 2,350,561

' TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 M-F T INVENTOR June 6, 1944. c. D. LAKE TYPEWRITING M'ACHINE Filed Nov. 6, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 6, 1944. c. D. LAKE TYPEWRI'TING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6, 1941- 8Sheet s-Sheet s s m R INVENTOR 40% BY ATTOR June 6, 1944. c. D. LAKE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6; 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 ll lIlHllllHll INV 1 OR AT'TORNEY June 6, 1944. c, 11 LAKE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 June 6, 1944. c. D. LAKE 2,350,561

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 June 6, 1944.

c. 15. LAKE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 6, i941 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENA'OR 44x24;

ATTORNEY Patented June 6, i944 2,350,561 TYPEWRITING MACHINE Clair D. Lake, Binghamton, N. Y., assignor to international Business Machines Corporation, I New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application November 6, 1941, Serial No. new

27 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism for producing justified lines by means of a typewriting machine.

Another object is to provide a novel indicating mechanism for a justifying typewriter to indicate the proper setting of the justifying mechanism which will produce a justified line.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings: 1

Fig, 1 is a plan view of the machine with the carriage, 'front cover plate, and part of cover for indicating mechanism cut away.

Fig. 2 is a right side elevation withthe cover for the-indicating mechanism cut away.

- Fig. 3 is a left side elevation.

Fig. 4 is a rear view.

Fig. 5is a vertical section.

Fig. 6 is a detail view showing the indicator release mechanism. 7 v i 1 Fig. 7 is a vertical section on the line 1-1 inFig. 1. q

1 Fig. 8-is a-large scale plan view of the J'ustiflcation mechanism which appears at the right hand side of the machine with reference to Fig; -1. J l

4 Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line 9-9 in Fig." 8. I

Fig. '10 is a vertical section onthe line lO-lfl in Fig. 1. x

Fig. 11 is a horizontal section on in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a detail view of the mechanism controlling the contacts which control the magnetic clutch.

Fig. 13 is a developed view of'the indicator drum or chart.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings as applied to the well known Electromatic" typewriter, also known as the International. This machine is provided with power mechanism for operating the type bars, shift mechanism, back space mechanism, tabulating mechanism, and carriage return mechanism which power mechanism is driven by a suitable electric motor located in the basezli of the machine. It willbe understood, however, that the disclosure of a particular form of power operated typewriter is purely for purposes of description and that the the line I l-I l invention may be "applied whether operated manually or by power. Since the foregoing mechanisms involved in the Electromatic" are well known and described in numerous patents, only a very brief general 'description will be given of the machine.

The type bars 2| (Figs. 1 and 5) of which only one is shown in these views, are mounted in the type basket 22 (Fig. 1) which is mounted for case shift movement in a well known way. The type barsand other mechanisms of the machine are operatedby a power roller 22 which rotates continually in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 5) while the machine is in use, being driven by the motor through suitable reduction gearing. Cooperating with the power roller 22 are cam units 23 which arepivoted on rods 24 supported by the framework. The type bars are actuated byv certain of the cam units 23 through links 25 connected to sub-levers 26 which are rocked counterclockwise ,(Fig. 5) by the cam units whenever such units are rendered operative-by depression of a character key 21.

The type bars strike a universal bar 28 (Fig. 1) in the course of their movement to the printing position and through a link 29 actuate the usua? escapement mechanism generally designated 3t in Fig. 1. This escapement mechanism normally causes the carriage to feed equal amounts for each letter typed and for each space produced. by depression of thespace bar 3|. The latter controls a cam unit which has connections to the escapement mechanism 30 (not shown) whereby an operation of the escapement occurs whenever the space bar is depressed.

The main typewriter carriage is generally designated 32 in Figs. 2 to 5 and is mounted in a well known way on the front'and rear rails 33, 34 by means of suitable antifriction bearings. Usually the rails 33, 34 are rigidly secured to the base 20 of the machine but in the present case provision is made for moving the rear rail 34 parallel with the front rail for the purpose of efiecting a supplemental feed of the carriage to augment the feed produced by the escapement mechanism 30. The carriage in the present case includes all of the equipment usually found in such a carrlage and, in addition-to the conventional marginal stop rack 35 having the usual marginal stops 36 (Figs. 4 and 5), is provided with a supplemental marginal stop rack 31 secured in extensions 38 attached to the side frames of the carriage. Adjustably mounted on the marginal stop rack 31 is a marginal stop 39 similar to the left hand marginal stop shown at the left in Fig.

to other typewriters 4. This marginal stop 39 controls an indicator which is used to determine the amount of justiflcation required.

The rear rail 34 is secured on top of a plate 46 (Figs.-1 to 5) which plate is slidably mounted on the top surface of a casting 4| secured to the base 20. The plate 4fl is mounted on the casting 4| by means of three screw studs 42 which extend through slots in the plate 46 to permit the latter to have limited movement parallel with the carriage. The escapement mechanism 36 is secured to the rear rail 34 and it is quite evident that, if the rail 34 is allowed to move to the left (Fig. 1) during the course of a spacing operation on the carriage, the carriage will be'allowed to feed a greater extent than would be normally the case.

' For the purpose of controlling the extent of this movement of the rail 34, mechanism is provided at the right hand side of the machine which is controlled by the space bar and is operative to cause an additional feed of the carriage each time the space bar is operated between words and other groups of characters in a line.

Secured to the left hand side of the machine (Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 8) is a track bar 43 on which is slidably mounted a frame casting 44. This carrier 44, as it may be conveniently termed, supports the bulk of the mechanism which is used to' of which 56a extends through a hole in the arm 56 while the other extends through a hole in a bracket 51 attached to the underside of the arm 56. By the foregoing means the ratio lever comprising rod 52 and bracket 53 is pivotally slidably connected to the plate 40 and also is pivotally-connected to the carrier 44. When the lever 45 is locked in the zero position by means of the locking detent 45a, the centers of the trunnions 560 will be in vertical alignment with the center of stud 54, whereby, if the ratio arm is rocked in a clockwise direction (Fig. 8), no movement of the arm 56 or plate 46 can tak place. When the lever 45 is set to any of the graduations on the flange 41a, the entire carrier 44 and mecha-,

; tion and'the amount the main carriage will move notches 41b, one for each graduation, with which notches cooperates a locking piece 450 pivoted at b in,the' end of the lever 45. This locking piece is provided with a deep notch 450 (Fig. 8) embracing the flange 41a and a spring 43, seated in a hole in the lever 45 extending radially of the pivot 46, presses'the left hand branchof the locking piece 45a formed by the slot 450 into engagement with one of the notches 4'lb as a means of locking the lever 45 in any of its set positions. .The lever 45 has a pivotal connection by means of a stud 49 to. a block 50 (Fig. 3) slidably mounted in a guideway 5| disposed vertically of the frame 44. When the lever 45 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction from the position of Fig. 3, the carrier 44 will be moved to the left an extent depending upon how far the lever 45 is moved. Seven steps of movement are provided to allow for seven word spaces of shortage in a line.

Pivotally mounted at the rear (Fig. 1) or left hand end (Figs. 3 and 8) of the carrier 44 is a ratio lever which is connected to the plate 49 and is also connected to certain mechanism mounted on the carrier 44. s This ratio lever consists of a rod 52 rigidly supported by the ends of an elongated bracket 53 which is provided with a lug 53a 'pivoted on a stud 54 carried by a projection 44a formed in the carrier 44. This enables the rod 52 and its supporting bracket 53 to swing in a horizontal plane.

Slidably mounted on the rod 52 is a block 55' (Figs. 3 and 8) which is pivoted at 56a to an arm 56 attached to the underside of the plate 46.

his block 55 is formed with two trunnionsflme for a given rotation of the ratio lever will depend upon the distance of the block 55 to the right of the stud 54 (Figs. 3 and 8). It is possible, therefore, by shifting the carrier 44 relative to block 55 to compensate for the number of spaces a line is short of the desired margin. The carrier 44 supports a supplemental or justifler carriage which controls the spacing of the main carriage 32 according to the number of word spaces in the line to be justifled. This supplemental carriage will now be described in detail.

The right hand (Figs. 3 and 8) or forward (Fig. 1) end of the ratio lever 52 is provided with a roller 59 (Figs. 8 and 9) which is carried by a bent-over lug 531; formed in the bracket 53. This roller 56 rides in a guideway 59 formed by two parallel ways or guide bars 69 secured to the top of a plate 6|. The plate 6| as most clearly shown in Fig. 9 has attached thereto a pivot stud 62 which is rotatable in a bushing 63 rigidly securing together a pair of plates 64, 65. Similar bushings 66 like 63 secure the plates 64,- 65 in parallel relation. The lower plate 65 is slidably mounted in parallel guideways- 61 forming part of the carrier 44, whereby the assembly of parts carried by the plates 64, 65 forms a supplemental carriage capable of sliding movement in the same direction as the carrier 44. By rotating the plate 6| in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 8) about its pivot 56, the angularity of the track 59 in relation to the line of travel of the supplemental carriage may be adjusted. For example, assuming the parts are in the position of Fig. 8 and the plate 6| is rotatedcounterclockwise 45, the roller "will travel along the guideway 59 and the ratio lever 52 will pivot about trunnion 56a and assume an angle somewhat smaller than 45 with reference to the line of travel of the can'ier 44 and carriage 64. If the plate 6| is locked in this position and the supplemental carriage 64 is moved to the right (Fig. 8), the roller 59 will ride further along the track 59 and the guideway 59 will function as a .cam to rock the ratio lever 52 clockwise and may thereby draw plate 40 to the left (Fig. 1).

' However, if the lever 45 is set in the zero position, this movement will be merely idle and will not which meshes with an idler gear in on the plate 65. This gear meshes with a circular rack H secured to the underside of the plate (ii. The lever 68 and the sector 69 are secured together by screw I2, the plate 8i being provided with an opening to permit the insertion of the screw 12. The sector II is provided with notches Ha (Fig. 8) which are designed to index the plate (ii. The end of the lever 58 is provided with a finger piece 68a and pivoted at 681) is a pinch lever having a finger piece 73a and a locking projection 13b. A torsion spring surrounding the pivot sac and engaging the pinch lever 'ISatends to rock the finger piece 13a in a clockwise direction. A

bracket It is secured to the lever 68 and is bent-to form a stop projection 'i ia' engaged by the lug bar in vane fashion on the rod 88. Thus, if the "upper edge of the universal bar 8'! moves forwardly in Fig. -9, the lug 85a will be pressed downwardly (Fig. 8) to rock the arm 85 clockwise, thereby actuating one of the escapement dogs.

'- Theuniversal bar 81 is operated by the space bar through the medium of a lever 8% (Figs. 1, 3.

8, and 9) which is pivoted. at 90 on a hand lever 19!. The latter is pivoted at 92 to the frame .41

stop pins 9t.

131 to-limit clockwise rotation of the finger piece 83a. The bracket it is also formed with a lug N6 which is designed to ride along the top surface of the circular rack H adjacent the notches Ha. When the lever as is to beset, the finger pieces 68a, ifia'are pinched'between the fingers and the lever 68 rocked clockwise (Fig. 8) to bring lugitb into'register with the desired one of the notches Ha which locks the lever in its set position. Inmrder to facil tate the setting of the plate 6!, there is provided a dial which is pivoted on a stud Hi. carried by the plate 6%. Se-

cured to the dial it is a gear which meshes with the circular rack ii, whereby the dial 15 is rotated when the plate 6! is setby means of the lever 68. The stud it also securesan index plate H to the plate fit which index plate has anotch through which letters engraved on the dial it maybe viewed from the front of the machine.

In order to accommodate the pivot for the dial 7 escapement mechanism which is operative each time the space bar is operated. Secured to the plate 85 (Fig. 9) is a rack it which meshes with a gear i9 forming part of a spring motor 8b which is secured to the carriage M. The spring motor 88,, through the gear W. constantly urges the carriage St to the right. Also secured to the plate 65 is an escapement rack ti (Fig. 8) with which cooperates escapement dogs at slidably pivoted on a stud 83 carried by the frame 4 4., The

escapement dogs are urged to the left and into :engagement with the teeth of the escapement rack Bi by springs dd. Also pivotally mounted on the stud 83 is an actuatinglever 85 having a lug85a capable of engaging the tail of either dog The left,hand end of the lever 89 .is provided with a roller underlying the lower edge of the plate which comprises the universal bar 81, whereby, when the lever 89 is rocked clockwise with the lever 91 in the position of Fig. 3, the universal bar 81 will be actuated. The lever 85 has at its right hand front end a portion extending through anopening in the base 20 underneath the space bar 3! (Fig. 1).whereby the lever 89 may be rocked clockwise whenever the space .bar

lowered and at the same time moved slightly to the right, thereby removing the roller which cooperates with the universal bar 8i out of cooperation with the'universal bar. Also, theextension 890. which cooperates with the'space bar 3! will be moved out of cooperation therewith.

The purpose of the foregoing mechanism is to impart to the carriage two components of movement to supplement the movement controlled by the escape'ment mechanism 3t. One of these components of movement results from the leverageratio of ratio lever 5253 obtained by shifting the carriage'% bodily to the left (Fig. 8) while the second component results from angular movement of the lever. 52--53 which is dependent upon the angularity of the guideway 59.

After each line has been typed, it is necessary to restore the supplemental carriage 6 8 to the position of Fig. 8. This is accomplished by a supplemental carriage return mechanism for the carriage dd. Secured to the carriage 5 3 is a tape 95 (Figs. 1 to 4,10, and 11) which passes over a B2. Lever 85 is urged in a counterclockwise .di-

rection by a spring Ed.

'The escapement disclosed in F'g. 8 is of the same form used to space the main carriagetZ w and'designated 30 in Fig. 1 and its mode of operation is well known. It will sumce to say that each time the lever 85 is rocked clockwise (Fig. 8)

one or the other of the dogs 82 will be disengaged from the rack 8i and permit the carriage $8, 615

to move one-half a tooth space to the right. In this form of escapement, the rack is provided with one-half as many teeth as thereare spaces.-

pulley 95 (Figs. 1,3, and 4) attached to a bracket. Mb carried by the carrier dd. The tape 95 then pases across the back of the machine, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, andaround a pulley 9! carried by bracket secured to the rear right hand corner of the machine.

From this-point thetape 95 passes forwardly parallel with the base of the machine and around a pulley Q8 (Figs..1,-2, and 10) carried by the base 20. Thence, the tape passes downwardly and around a tape drum 9t magnetic clutch including the magnetic element' 990, which is also rotatably secured to the sleeve 99a. The sleeve 99a is rotatably supported at its outer end-in a bracket iflil secured to the base 126, and at its rear end is supported by the balls IN which ridein a ball race E02, secured in register with a suitable opening .in the base 26.

The ball race (92 has a flange which extends internally of the drum 95' to which is anchored" one end of a' tension spring we, the other endof such spring being anchored to the drum 8d. The balls EM are confined between the end of "the hub of the drum 99 ,and a washer Hid secured to a cover plate I05 by means of a long stud I06 which passes ing the contacts II4a closed.

through the bore of the sleeve 99a.

The magnetic clutch element 99c is secured to a gear I09 fixed to sleeve 99a and gear I meshes with a gear I 01a secured to the end of the shaft "It on which the usual main carriage return clutch I09 ,and' main carriage return tape drum I Ill are mounted. The shaft I03 is driven con 'tinually by the-motor while the machine is in use, consequently the magnetic clutch element '99c-rotates continually. The clutch element 990 is provided with slip rings IIl Witnwhi'ch cooperate brushes I I2 carried by'a brush holder I I 3,

secured to the bracket I00.- When current is passed through the coil of the magnetic clutch by means of a suitable external control circuit,

the plate 99b is drawn snugly against" the clutch element 990; causing the drum 99 to turn, thereby winding the'tape 95 on the drum 99. The pull on the tape istransmltted to the carriage,

Whenthe carriage 34 reaches the position shown in thedrawings, the magnetic clutch is; deenergized through the medium of contacts thereby drawing the supplemental carriage to the left (Figs.-'3, 8, and 9). Y

sulatably supported on a bracket IIS attached to the carrier 44. The contacts 4 are engaged by a? suitable insulating pin II9 on the carriage 04 which forces'the contacts apart when the carriage is within approximately half a space of the final stopping positional; the end of its movement. to the left with reference to Fig. 3. v While the cafriage i4 is irithe positionof Fig. 3, the

contactsflll. areheld open but close as soon as position.

The circuit through the magnetic clutch is closed by'means of the contacts Illa shown in.

Fig." 12. The contacts Illa are arranged to be lclosed when a' lever H1 in Fig. 12. is.;rocked counterclockwise. This lever forms part 'of the train of connections between the main carriage retum clutch I09 and the clutch release mechanism which causes the clutch to be disengaged the carriage moves-one space away from. such -.when the main carriage 32 is returned as described in Patent No. 1,753,450. When the main 1'2, drawingdown a link 25R. connected to oneof the leversllt of the toggle II9, I (see Figs. 1,

l0, and 11'also)' which actua s the clutch en- 5 gaging lever. This toggle holds the clutch in the engaged position. The lever II1 has one of its arms underlying the arm of lever IIO. to which the link B is connected, whereby the lever II1 will be rocked counterclockwise each time the clutch is engaged and willremain in this posi- The coil of the magnetic clutch element use and across the supply line to-the main driving motor of the typewriter whereby the closure of the con-' tacts II4a causes the energization of the coil 99c causes the supplemental carriage 64 to be returned automatically.

Thisfvariable ratio means includes two separate variable ratio devices of which one inciudes the variable ratio lever 52, "while the other device includes theinclinable track is.- Each of these devices has its own indexing meansin the form each'word spacing operation to expand a line sufliciently to justify the line.

An indicating mechanism is'pi'ovided to indicate in a code the settings of the levers 00 necessary to justify a line.

It is contemplated that a: draft copy of the matter to be justified will first be produced and, during typing of this preliminary draft. the operator will record the code reading of the indie cator at the end of each line by yping thecode designations so that when the draft is retyped in iustifled form, the'-machine may be set according .to the code designations prior-to typing each line.

This indicatingmechanism is mounted on the right hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) and is controlled both by the main carriage movement and by the operationof the space bar.

Secured to the right side of the machine is a frame casting I23 (Figs. 1, 2, and 4) which slidably supports a bar, I29 which'is provided with a rack I21 at its rear end. 'Thisrack meshes with a'gear I23 secured to a vertical shaft I29 rotatably mounted in a suitable frame I25a attached to the base 20. The shaft I29 is'providecl at-its upper end with a pinion I30 which meshes with a short rack- I3Ia forming part of a bar I3I. This bar is slidably mounted on the frame I30 and in -.a bracket I32 attached to the rear of base 20 near the middle or the machine. The bar I 3| has a lug I3Ib which isin the path of the adjustable supplemental marginal stop 39 so as to be engaged by such marginal stop when the carriage is moving in a letter spacing direction, or to the right in Fig. 4. A spring I33 (Figs. 1 and 2) tion until the carriage is returned-thereby holdurges the bar I23 to'the left in Fig. 2, thus holding the bar I3I in its extreme right hand position (Fig. 1) or-the left hand position (Fig. 4).

Secured to the base20 near the forward right hand corner (Figs. 1 and 2) is a frame I36 which, with the frame I25, rotatably supports'an indicator shaft I 31. Slidably mounted on the shaft I31, and splined thereto is a hub I38 towhich is'secured an indicator drum). The hub I33 is provided withjan annular groove into which projects a bent-over lug I290 formed in the bar I20; whereby the indicator drum-I39 may be slid along the shaft I31 by movement ,of the bar I26 and also may be rotated by rotating the shaft I31. The shaft I31 is rotated an increment for each p I operationof the space bar 3|. For this purpose, the contacts. Ill, II4a are in a series circuit It will-be seen from the foregolngdescrlption that variable ratio means is provided for effect- 'ing a supplemental movement of the carriage.

it is provided'with an escapement ratchet I40 (Figs. 1 and 'l) which is secured to the shaft I31 and with which cooperates the escapement dogs I bestshown in Fig. 7. The escapement dogs I cooperate with the ratchet I40 in the same way-as the escapement dogs li'cooperate with the rack 3| and are provided 'with a. similarly shaped arm I42 which is pivoted on a fixed stud I43. The arm I42 is actuated by an operating arm I pivoted aiNlS to the frame I36. A light spring, I46 holds. the arm I42 lightly against a aeoaser projection Mia in. the arm Mt. Springs Ml, similar to the springs 84 in Fig. 8, urge the dogs Mi to the right and also counterclockwise in Fig.

' 7. Since it is only necessary that the drum E39 rotate approximately one-half arevolution, the

ratchet MB is provided with escapement teeth over only half of its circumference.-

For the purpose of furnishing power to rotate the shaft it? and the indicator drum ltd, there is provided a spring motor 8 38 (Figs. 1 and 3) having a gear M9 meshing with a gear ltd secured to the shaft H7. The spring motor tends toturn the shaft it! in a clockwise direction (Fig. 7). The gear Mt isloose on shaft ifil which is journaled in the frame i35' and at its forward end has secured thereto a resetting lever I52 r i65 will be rotated counterclockwise in Fig. '1',

thereby through the link :56, actuating the arm. its in a clockwise direction to operate the escapement. This allows the ratchet Mil to turn half a tooth space which is, of course, communicated to the indicator drum 539 through the splined connection-of the hub ltd to the shaft it]. The net (Figs. 1 and 6). Secured to this resetting lever is a locking disk E53 and a gear Hit which meshes with a smaller gear I55 secured to the iorward end 0i shaft 537]. Cooperating with the locking disk E53 is a'lock arm I55 on which is adjustably slidaoly secured a'detent plate l5lhaving a lug i570. engaging a notch in the locking disk i53. The locking disk 653 35 urged in a counter-clockwise direction by the spring motor 5448 through the gears M9, its, I55, its but the locking plate I51 will prevent rotation of the gear 156 and shaft I31 when the arm 555 is in the position of i 6. 3

The arm 5% is guided in a slot formed in a bracket I58 attached to the base and is urged in a clockwise direction (Fig. 6) by a wish-bone spring coiled about a'stud i531: carried by the bracket 58 and engaging the lefthand vertical edge of the arm H5. The upper end of the arm ltd is provi ded witha finger piece Him by means or which the locking arm 4% may be rocked counterclockwise manually-to disengage the lug i510 from the notch in the looking disk H3.

Pivotally mounted on the detent plate I51 is a detent lever- 159 which is urged in a counterclockwise direction by a spring I60 anchored to a lug formed in the detent plate I51. The-spring ltd is considerably weaker in effect than the spring motor its, whereby normally the parts are held in the position of Fig. 6. When the locking arm 855 is moved in a counterclockwise direction effect of this mechanism -isto count the number of word spacesin a line and indicate the number of word spaces by the extent of rotation of the indicator drum.

The indicator drum its is provided with a chart, i39a, a developed view of which is shown in Fig. 13, in which'the number of word spaces is indicated by the numerals lto 7 while the number of units of spacing that the line is short of the margin is denoted by theletters A to M, each square of the chart 5390. having both a numberandaletter.

The mechanism on the right hand side of the machine is protected by a suitable cover it? having a viewing window ifila iFig. 2) over which to release -tooth id'la or the detent plate I57,

from the notch in the locking disk I53, the spring may be placed a small -cylindrical lens ltd to facilitate reading of the figures on the drum. The chart 53 911 on the drum I39 mayIbe made translucent and a'suitable electric lamp ltd (Fig. 2) is mounted on the frame l25 directly beneath I the indicator drum so as to illuminate the figures which appear through the viewing opening thin. The viewing window, when the indicator drum I39 is in the position shown in the drawings, permits a view of only theupper right hand, square (Fig. 13) of the chart which is marked 7M." If the line comes out even and does not require justiflcation, the chart indicates 0 since the drum; i39 will be moved by the main'carr'iage the full width of the justification zone. This may be denoted on the first draft by typing 0 at the end of the line.

While it is believed that the specific description given above of the individual mechanisms of the machine will enable those skilled in the art to appreciate its use and advantages, a very brief description of the general operation will now be given.

As a preliminary to producing ajustified' copy, a first or rough draft will be prepared. In the typing of the' first draft, the supplemental indicator, the indicator is restored to starting position by pressing downonthe restoring lever I52 which rotates the shaft I31 and consequently the indicator drum I39 in a counterclockwise direction, this movement being limited by a lug ltlla formed in the ratchet Milengaging a stop lug formed in a bracket wise cured to the frame I36. Prior to beginning. the typing of a new line of the first draft of the matter to be justifled; the finger piece i 55a. is pressed downwardly to release the mechanism for rotating the indicator drum ginal position. 'I'he left hand marginal stop 36,

marginal stop 39 will be set according tothe scale marked thereon to the desired right hand mar- :-,that is, the right hand one in Fig. 4, will be set 'to the left hand marginal position. The design I39 but during the typing of the justified copy,

direction by a spring I62 anchored to a pin carried 7 by. the base. bracket H64 secured to the inside of the base 20 is Pivotally mounted at I63 on a of the parts is such that a predetermined tance before the carriage reaches the final right hand marginal position as determined by the left hand stop shown in Fig. 4', the stop 33 will engage the lug i3lb on bar l3! and commence to turn the indicating drum J39. .The left hand stop in Fig. dfunctions in the usual way incooperation with the usual bell to warnthe operator when the end of the line is approaching. This stop also'serves as a final limit which defines the actual margin of the justified copy and prevents the operator from overtyping the line. This feature is'necessary because the mechanism as illustratively described herein is incapable of shortening the line and is only capable of expanding the line to a predetermined standard marginal stops it in the usual way. v

The operator will nowproceed to type the draft and at the end of each line the code indication of the indicating drum I" will be noted-and'typed, the operator trying to come as close as possible to the final right hand marginal position without Y typin the last word in the line too far to be split properly. During the typing of the first or rough draft, the lever ll will be depressed to' prevent movementof the justifier carriage 54 to the right in Fig. 3 and the levers 4i and," may be 1m in the position'of mi 1. with the levers so set and the carriage 64 immovable. the spacing of the characters typed will be uniform during the preparation of the draft copy.

At the end of each line of rough draft, the

operator will reset the indicator drum I by pressing down on the lever I52 and, before commencing the typing of the next line will release the indicator drum for operation by pressing down on the finger piece Ina. When the last line of the draft is finished, the finger piece I52 be depressed to restore the indicator mechanism to be controlled by the space'bar' 3i through the lever" which is operated every time the space bar is depressd as described above. The

operator will now proceed to retype the first line of the rough, draft. Each time the space'bar is depressed, the lever 89 will be operated which will cause the escapement mechanism for the justifier carriage 64 to operate, thereby imparting rotation to the ratio lever 52,53 to shift the carriage rail 34 to'the left (Fig. 1) an increment which will depend upon the position of pivot 56a in relationto the pivot 64 and upon the anof line length, which will be determined by the riage, means to vary the ratio between a move- 2 ment imparted'to' said lever and the movement imparted to the rail by said lever, means to move said ratio lever, a control device for regulating the extent of movement of the last named moving means, and'means controlled by the space bar for producing movement of the ratio lever.

2. In a justifying typewriter, a main frame, a carriage, a carriage supporting guide rail movably mounted on said frame, carriage feed mechanism mounted on said rail, a carrier movably mounted on said frame, a ratio lever having a first pivotal connection to said carrier and having a second pivotal connection to said rail, said carrier when moved changing the point of first pivotal connection of the rail to said lever to vary its distances from the second pivotal point, a manual setting lever for adiustably moving said carriage, an inclinable track movably mounted on said carrier and having a pivotal operating relationship to said ratio arm whereby, when the track is movedrelative to the carrier, the ratio lever will be rocked on its pivot to impart move- 'mentto said rail; an indexing device for adjust! ably changing the inclination of said track, and means controlled by the space bar for moving said track relatively to the supplemental carriage.

a 3. In a justifying typewriter, the combination of a carriage, a movable carriage supporting rail. carriage feed mechanism mounted on said rail, a carrier movable transversely of the main carriage. a lever extending transversely of said rail gularity of the track 59. At the end of each line,

the depression of the main carriage return key 21R will cause the iustifier carriage 64 to be drawn toward the rear of the machine as described above. a

The levers 45, II will now be set according to the code at the 'end of the second line and the second line typed, and the procedure repeated for subsequent lines.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novelfeatures of the invention as applied to a single modification it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and dea. carriage, a carriage supporting guide rail -mounted on said frame for movement parallel N with themo'vement of the carriage in letter spacand pivotally connected at one end to the carrier and having a pivotal sliding connection intermediate its ends to" said rail, said carrier, when moved transversely 9f the, rail, varying the 'distance of the point of bonnection of the railto said lever from'the other pivot for said lever according to the extent of movement of the carrier, a manual member for adiustably moving said carrier, a supplemental carriage mounted on said.

' carriage an'd having a sliding pivotal connection with the r'atid lever whereby, when the track tails of ,the device illustrated and in'its opera tion may be made by those skilled in the art,

ing, an escapement mechanism mounted on said rail, a space bar, means controlled by the space a bar for. causing an operation of the escapement mechanism, a ratio lever havinga pivotal connection to the rail and arelatively fixed pivotal connection to said frame, said ratio lever when moved imparting movement to the rail in the di-- is set at an angle to the direction of movement of the supplemental carriage and said carriage is moved, such ratio lever willbe rotated to impart motion to said rail; an indexing device on the supplemental carriage formanually adjustably setting said track at an inclination to direction of movement ofthe supplemental carriage, a spacebar for controlling the carriage feedv mechanism, and means controlled by such space bar for effecting m'ovementofthe supplementalcarriage relative to the carrier.

,4. In a justifying typewriter, a main frame, a carriage, a "carriage guiding rail movably mounted on -said frame for movement parallel with the carriage, means mounted on said rail for spacing the carriage; a space bar for controlling the last named means, and means controlled by the space bar for effecting a supplemental movement of the carriage by moving said rail.

5. Ina justifying typewriter, a main'frame, a carriage, carriage supporting and guiding means slidabl y mounted on said main framefor mo 1e ment parallel with movement of the carriage; lvariable ratio contrblling means including a variable ratio lever having a relatively fixed pivot and a sliding pivot to the carriage guiding means whereby rotation of saidlever effects a movement of said rail and including indexing means s.ettarection of letter spacing movement of the carble according to a factor of iustification; and a 9. In a justifying assasei device controlledby said space bar ior eflecting rotation of said ratio lever and including. a second indexing means settable iii-accordance with means for varying moves and including indexing the extent of rotation of said lever according.

to anotherfactor of iustification: spacing means iorthe second carriage, -,and means to cause concurrent operation of both spacing means.

:11. In a justifying typewriter, in combination with the mainframe, a main carriagaspaclng mechanism for the carriage, movable means to mount the spacing mechanism in said frame for with one factor of justification, and operating means for said variable ratio means including another indexing means 'settabie in accordance with another factor of justification.

7-. In a justifying typewriter, a carriage, an

element movable with the carriage, spacing means mounted on said element for spacing the carriage relative to said element, variable ratio mechanism for moving said element including a variable ratio lever connected thereto and having indexing means settable in accordance with one factor .of justification, and variable operating means for the ratio mechanism having a second indexing means settable in accordancewith another factor of justification.

8. In a' justifying typewriter, a main frame, carriage, means to movably mount the carriage movement parallel with the carriage to enable a supplemental feeding movement to be obtained irom the carriage besides the feeding movement produced by the spacing mechanism, a second carriage; means controlled by the space bar ior spacing the second carriage a unit with each operation of the spacing mechanism tor the main carriage, and variable ratio means operated by the second carriage for actuating said "movable means including a pair of indexing means each on the main frame, said mounting means being movable in the direction of the carriage letter spacing movement, a variable ratio lever system connected to the mounting means and operable to effect movement of the mounting means, letter spacing means in part mounted on said mounting means and in part on the carriage and movable therewith, a space bar for controlling the spacing means, an indexing device 'settable in accordance with one'factor or justification for controlling the driving ratio of the variable ratio ,means, and means controlled by the space bar and including indexing means for another factor of justification, for operating the variable ratio means.

typewriter, in combination with the main carriage, letter spacing-mechanism for said carriage, means tomount the letter spacing means in the main frame "for movement in the direction of letter spacing movement of the carriage, a variable ratiolever pivotally connected to said mounting means with a variable operating ratio, means to vary the operating ratio of said lever according to one factor of justification; means for variably actuating said variable ratio lever including a second carriage with another factor of justification ior' variably rotating said lever when said second carriage is spaced, and spacing means for the second carriage; a space bar, and means controlled by the space bar, for operating both spacing mechanisms concurrently. I

10. In a justifying typewriter, thev combination with the main carriage, letter spacing mechanism for said carriage, means to mount said letter spacing mechanism for movement in the direction of letter spacing of the main carriage,

a variable ratio lever having a pivotal connection said mounting means and a pivot shiitable *variable extents according to one factor of justification tovary the movement of the mounting meansof said lever; a second carriage having means; engaging a part of said lever to effect rotation of said lever'when said second carriage having'a member variably settable in accordance settajale in accordance with a factor oi iustiiication for controlling the extent of movement or saidmovable means by the second carriage.

12. in a justifying typewriter, a main carriage, a supplemental carriage} a space bar, spacing means for said carriages, amovable support for the spacing means for the main carriage, means operated by the second carriage iormo'ving said support'including a variable ratio lever system means on said supplemental carriage for operating said lever system; anda pair of indexing devices, each settable according to a factor instailcation, for controlling the ratio lever system and the extent or operation thereof by'thc supfplemental carriage.

13. In a justiiying typewriter, in combination with themain carriage, a variable. ratio lever having a connection to the spacing means'ior moving the spacing means as a unit in thedirection of letter spacing movement of the carriage,

means to vary the ratio of said lever according to one iactor oijustiiication; variable ion-J7" means for said ratio lever including a movable member for actuating said lever, automatic spac-' ing means for said member, and indexing mes settable' according to another factor of justifica tion for varying the efiect of the movable member on said lever; and means-for causing an operation of said operating means. concurrently wit an'operation oi the spacing means.

14. In a justifying typewriter; the combination.

with the main carriage, letter'feed mechanism for the main carriage, a variable ratio ieverhay-a;

ing a connection to the feed mechanism to bodily shift said mechanism to effect a supplemental iced of'the carriage, means settable according ton factor or justiflcation for varying the ratio of said levenmeans to variably rotate saidratio lever including a variably inclinable cam acting upon said variable. ratio lever and including means to change the inclination of the cam according to another factor of justiiication, and means to cause concurrent operation of said feeding means andsaid operating means: w

15. In combination with the carriage oi a type= writing machine, a space bar, a movable support,

a pair of spacing mechanisms both controlled by the space bar, one spacing mechanism being mounted on said support and directly associated with the carriage for spacing the printed characters; and means controlled by the second spacmg mechanism for bodily moving the first spacing mechanism including a-variable ratio lever connected to said support, variable means for operating said lever, and indexing means for controlling the driving ratio of said ratio lever ing the inclination of said track.

8 and the extent of operation of said ratio lever respectively, saidindexingmeans being settable ,1 according to a plurality of factors of justification.

16. In combination with the main carriage of a typewriting machine, a pair of spacing mechanisms, one being bodily movable and cooperating with the carriage tofspaoe printed characters, a movable support for the first spacing mechanism,

a second carriage controlled by the second spacing mechanism, an inclinabl'e track on said sec- 10 0nd carriage, a ratio arm having a normally fixed pivot and asliding pivotal connection to support forthe firstspacing mechanism and also having an element moving over said track, indexing means for bodily displacing the relatively fixed pivot for the ratio arm for varying the driving ratio of said arm, and indexing means for chang- 17. In a justifying typewriter, the combination with the carriage, spacing mechanism for the carriage; a support for said spacing mechanism, movable parallel with the carriage; a ratio lever pivotally slidably connected-to the carriage, a second carriage having adjustable means to 1'0- tate said ratio lever, indexing meanssettable ac- 5 cording to one factor of justification to control the extent of rotation of said lever, a movablesupport on which the ratio lever is pivotally mounted, and means for bodily moving said support for said pivot to vary the ratio of the ratio lever including indexing means settable according to another factor of justification.

18. In a justifying typewriter, the combination with'the platenv carriage, a supplemental carriage, justifying means operated by the supplemental carriage, means to space the carriage, a space bar for controlling the spacing means, power means to return the -carriage including a carriage return key, and separate power means controlled by said key for also returning the sup-.- 4 0 plemental carriage. v

19. In a justifyingtypewriter, the combination with the main carriage, spacing mechanism for said carriage; a space bar controlling said spacing mechanism, a supplemental carriage, spacing mechanism for said supplemental carriage controlled by said space bar, means controlledby movement of the supplemental carriage for bod-i ily moving the spacing mechanism for the main carriage to effect a supplemental spacing movement of the carriage power means to return the main carriage including va carriage return key,

and separate power means controlled by said key for returning the supplemental carriage.

20. In a justifyingtypewriter; the combination with the main carriage, spacing mechanism for the main carriage, means to mount the spacing mechanism for movement in a letter spacing direction, a movable carrierfa ratio lever pivoted on said. carrier and having a pivotal connection to the mounting'means, one'of said piv- *ots being movable relativeto the other by moving said carrier; manual means for adjustably moving saidcarrier according to a factor of justification to vary the operating'ratio of said lever 5' to the mounting means; a justifier carriage mounted on said carrier and having adjustable means to rotate said ratio lever when the second I carriageis moved, including means-to set said adjustable means according to another factor of justification; an element for controlling the spacing means for the main carriage, and means .controlled by saidelement for spacing the second carriage.

.21 In a justifying typewriter,, the combination with the main carriage, spacing mechanism for the carriage, means to mount the spacing mechanism formovement in a letter spacing direction, a movable carrier; an arm pivoted at one end on said carrier; a member slidably mounted on said arm and pivotally connected to the mounting means for the spacing means, said carrier when moved changing the driving ratio between said armand the mounting means; a manually settable lever for adjustably moving said carrier to represent a factor of justification, a carriage movably mounted on said carrier'and having means adjustable according to another factor o'fjustific'ation forrswinging said, arm to thereby move the mounting means for the spacing means and effect a supplemental feed of the carriage, spacing means forthe second carriage, and means to operate both spacing means simultaneously. h

22. In a justifying typewriter, the combination with the carriage, power return mechanism for the carriage, means to initiate the operation of the return mechanism, automatic justifying mechanism including a carriage movable step by step from a starting position, and separate power means to return said carriage controlled by said jinitiating means. I

23. In a justifyingtypewriter, the combination with the main carriage, letter-spacing mechanism for the main carriage, a lever having a variable ratio connection to said spacing mechanism whereby aunit angular displacement of said lever effects a variable displacement of the spacing mechanism in the direction of letter spacing movement of the carriage,m'eans to vary the leverage ratio according to one factor of justibetween the auxiliary carriage and said mounting means for transmitting movement of the auxiliary carriage to the main carriage, said interposed mechanism including a variable ratio lever having a connection to the mounting means and means for varying the ratio of the ratio lever, and including means on the auxiliary carriage for variably rotating said ratio lever, and including means for varying the effect of the re.- tating means in accordance with anotherfactor of justlfication.

25; In' a justifying typewriter, in combination with the main carriage, an element movable parallel with the main carriage, spacing means for the main carriage mounted on said element, said element when moyed'imparting movement to the. carriage through said spacing means to augment the spacing of the carriage. effected by the spacing means, an element for controlling the spacing means; and operating means controlled by said controlling element including an element movable step by-step under control of the control element and 'a pair'of variable ratio devices, one of said devices including a variable ratio lever connected to the first named element for variably actuating said element in accordance with one factor of justification, said other ratio device being mounted on said movable element and operated by said aesosei operating means and variably actuating said ratio lever with each step of movement of the movable element in accordance with another factor-of 26. In a justifying typewriter, a platen carriage,

spacing means for said carriage; a movable ele- [ment connected to the spacing means, said specling means imparting a normal spacing movement to the carriage, said element being movable to impart to the carriage a supplementary spacing movement through said spacing means; variable ratio means for moving said element including a variable .ratio lever and a variably inclinable track for actuating said lev r; an elernent for controlling the spacing means, operating mean controlled by said control element !or operating the variable ratio means each time an operation of the spacing means is eflected under control of the control element, and indexing means for varying the ratio of the .ratio leverand the inclination of said track according to a plurality of factors of Justification.

27. In a justifying typewriter in combination with a platen carriage, me todefine a marginal position of the platen carriage, power means to return the platen carriage to the marginal positiomspaclng means for the platen carriage, a

movable element for imparting a supplementary spacing movement to the main carriage through said spacing means in addition to the normal spacing movement enacted by the spacing means,

variable ratio means for moving said element including a iustifler carriage movable away from a normal position, means for causing an operation of the spacing means, means, controlled by the lastnamed means for moving said iustiiier carriage away from its normal position an increment each time the controlling means is operated to eflect an operation of the spacing means. power means to return said second named carrings to the normal position, and meanst currently initiate an operation of both returning means.

CLAIR D. LAKE. 

